ABSTRACT: Glanders is a disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei that primarily affects horses, mules and donkeys. The disease can cause lesions in the skin, lungs and several other organs. However, it often manifests as an asymptomatic disease. In Brazil, serological tests of high sensitivity and specificity are used to assist in the detection of antibodies against B. mallei and to contribute to the control of the disease. However, due to the mandatory euthanasia of seroreactive animals, equids with positive serology for B. mallei and asymptomatic generated great conflicts between breeders, veterinarians and diagnostic laboratories. This study clarifies the limitations of complementary diagnostic tests for detecting B. mallei. It describes the clinical, morphological and laboratory findings in 24 equines from different municipalities in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, which reacted to the complement fixation test and were positive in the western blotting test for glanders. Data and tissue samples were collected from 24 horses for histological, microbiological and molecular analysis. In 23 horses, no clinical signs, morphological alterations, microbiological isolation, or molecular detection would characterize B. mallei infection. On the other hand, samples from an asymptomatic horse without lesional alterations showed sequence amplification compatible with B. mallei in the PCR. Considering that the infection by B. mallei is subject to the application of animal sanitary defense measures and that, by international requirement and national legislation, the serological results are tools that should support the sanitation procedures for the error of the bacteria in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil.

RESUMO: Mormo é uma enfermidade causada pela bactéria Burkholderia mallei que acomete primariamente cavalos, mulas e burros. A doença pode causar lesões na pele, pulmões e em diversos outros órgãos, entretanto frequentemente manifesta-se como uma enfermidade assintomática. No Brasil são utilizados testes sorológicos de elevada sensibilidade e especificidade para auxiliar na detecção de anticorpos contra B. mallei e contribuir para controle da doença. Porém, devido à obrigatoriedade da eutanásia de animais sororeagentes, os equídeos com sorologia positiva para B. mallei e assintomáticos geraram grandes embates entre criadores, médicos-veterinários e laboratórios de diagnóstico. Este trabalho esclarece as limitações dos testes diagnósticos complementares para detecção de B. mallei e descreve os achados clínicos, morfológicos e de exames laboratoriais em 24 equídeos, procedentes de diferentes municípios do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, que reagiram ao teste de fixação de complemento e foram positivos no teste de “western blotting” para mormo. Foram colhidos dados e amostras de tecidos de 24 equídeos para análise histológica, microbiológica e molecular. Em 23 equídeos não existiam sinais clínicos, alterações morfológicas, isolamento microbiológico ou detecção molecular que caracterizassem infecção por B. mallei. Por outro lado, amostras de um cavalo assintomático e sem alterações lesionais apresentaram amplificação de sequência compatível com B. mallei na PCR. Considerando que a infecção por B. mallei é passível da aplicação de medidas de defesa sanitária animal e que por exigência internacional e da legislação nacional, os resultados sorológicos são ferramentas que devem amparar os procedimentos de saneamento para erradicação da bactéria no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil.

Abstract The discussion of this text, elaborated from a doctoral research project carried out in a municipal public school in Rio Grande do Sul, aims to understand how critical autoethnography constitutes a theoretical-methodological research process that allows the reconstruction of the teaching practice. For this, we present the theoretical-methodological contribution of critical autoethnography by relating autoethnographic research with the conceptual foundation of critical theory. , We then use narratives of teaching experiences to identify how recursive and reflective processes, both supported by critical reflection, have direct implications for the researcher's teaching training and practice. In the final considerations, we discuss critical autoethnography as a doubly transforming experience, as it involves gradual and simultaneous processes of reading the world and reconstructing the teaching practice that occurred throughout the investigation itself.

Resumen La discusión de este texto, elaborado a partir de una investigación doctoral realizada en una escuela pública municipal de Rio Grande do Sul, pretende comprender cómo la autoetnografía crítica constituye un proceso de investigación teórico-metodológico que permite la reconstrucción de la práctica docente. Para ello, presentamos el aporte teórico-metodológico de la autoetnografía crítica al relacionar la investigación autoetnográfica con la fundamentación conceptual de la teoría crítica. En la secuencia, utilizamos narrativas de experiencias docentes para identificar cómo los procesos recursivos y reflexivos, ambos sustentados en la reflexión crítica, tienen implicaciones directas en la formación y práctica docente del investigador. En las consideraciones finales, nosotros discutimos la autoetnografía crítica como una experiencia doblemente transformadora, en tanto implica procesos graduales y simultáneos de lectura del mundo y de reconstrucción de la práctica docente que se dan a lo largo de la propia investigación.

Resumo A discussão deste texto, elaborada a partir de uma pesquisa de doutorado realizada em uma escola pública municipal do Rio Grande do Sul, tem por objetivo compreender como a autoetnografia crítica constitui um processo teórico-metodológico de pesquisa que permite reconstruir a prática docente. Para isso, apresentamos o aporte teórico-metodológico da autoetnografia crítica ao relacionar a pesquisa autoetnográfica com a fundamentação conceitual da teoria crítica. Na sequência, utilizamos narrativas de experiências docentes para identificar como os processos recursivos e reflexivos, ambos sustentados na reflexão crítica, têm implicações diretas na formação e na prática docente do pesquisador. Nas considerações finais, dialogamos sobre a autoetnografia crítica como experiência duplamente transformadora, pois envolve processos gradativos e simultâneos de leituras de mundo e reconstrução da prática docente que ocorrem ao longo da própria investigação.

RESUMO A murcha de Fusarium causada pelo fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae (Fop) é a principal doença de origem fúngica da cultura do maracujazeiro. Os clamidósporos, estruturas de resistência produzidas por Fop, permitem a sua sobrevivência no solo por vários anos, além de possuir atividade saprofítica. Dentre os métodos de manejo, a biofumigação por incorporação de repolho e mandioca brava tem-se apresentado como uma alternativa viável no controle de patógenos veiculados pelo solo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes debris (restos vegetais) na fase de sobrevivência de Fop em condições de laboratório. Foram realizados testes in vitro com incorporação de folhas dos materiais vegetais maracujá amarelo, repolho, mandioca brava e mandioca mansa em substratos infestados com diferentes isolados de Fop. Foram avaliados o crescimento micelial e a produção e germinação de clamidósporos. A incorporação dos debris de repolho e mandioca brava teve efeito fungistático sobre Fop, com redução no crescimento micelial e produção de clamidósporos. A incorporação de repolho ao substrato inibiu totalmente a germinação de clamidósporos em 78% dos isolados avaliados e reduziu o percentual de germinação dos demais.

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae (Fop) is the main fungal disease in passion fruit crops. Chlamydospores, which are structures of resistance produced by Fop, allow the fungus survival in the soil for several years and have saprophytic activity. Biofumigation with incorporation of cabbage and bitter cassava has been a viable alternative, among management methods, for the control of soil pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different plant debris (plant residues) on survival of Fop under laboratory conditions. In vitro tests were carried out with incorporation of leaves of yellow passion fruit, cabbage, bitter cassava, and sweet cassava plants into substrates infested with different Fop isolates. Mycelial growth and chlamydospore production and germination were evaluated. The incorporation of cabbage and bitter cassava debris had a fungistatic effect on Fop, with decreases in mycelial growth and chlamydospore production. The incorporation of cabbage into the substrate totally inhibited the chlamydospore germination in 78% of the evaluated isolates and decreased the germination percentage in the others.

ABSTRACT The present objective was to investigate the presence of anti-equine viral encephalomyelitis (EVE) antibodies and the possible risk factors for its dissemination in horses raised in the East and West Potiguar mesoregions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Serological diagnosis for neutralizing antibodies against Eastern (EEEV), Western (WEEV) and Venezuelan (VEEV). Equine viral encephalomyelitis was performed using a seroneutralization technique on 811 blood samples from horses from ninety properties and sixteen municipalities between July 2018 and February 2019. Factors associated with EVE were evaluated using an investigative epidemiological questionnaire, and the data were statistically analyzed using the Epi Info 3.5.2 software with a confidence level of 95%. The seroprevalence of anti-EVE antibodies was 14.2% (115), with 10.36% (84) for EEEV, 6.9% (56) for WEEV, and null for EVE. When analyzing risk factors, it can be concluded that horses raised in properties that do not clean installations and/or rent out their pasture are more likely to have anti-EVE antibodies. These results show evidence that horses raised in the East and West Potiguar mesoregions were exposed to EEEV and WEEV, thus reinforcing the importance of vaccination and serological survey of nonvaccinated horses as a means of monitoring the disease.

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados à presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em equinos criados na mesorregião Leste e Oeste Potiguar, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizados 785 animais oriundos de noventa propriedades durante o período de 2018 e 2019. O diagnóstico sorológico foi realizado pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT) utilizando coleção de antígenos vivos composta por vinte sorovares, pertencentes a dezesseis sorogrupos. Os dados das variáveis associadas aos fatores de risco que podem predispor a presença de equinos soropositivos, foram obtidos a partir de questionários aplicados aos proprietários dos rebanhos e analisados estatisticamente. As frequências absolutas e relativas foram determinadas por análise descritiva e os fatores de risco por análise univariada das variáveis de interesse pelo Teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher, quando necessário, e em seguida submetidos à análise de regressão de Poison. A frequência de equinos soropositivos foi de 97,2% (763), sendo que em todas as propriedades houve pelo menos um animal com presença de anticorpos. O sorogrupo predominante foi o Icterohaemorrhagiae (72,88%), seguido do Australis (14,94%), Sejroe (4,43%), Shermani (2,77%), Autumnalis e Pomona (1,29%). Ocorrências menores que 1% foram observadas para os sorogrupos Canicola, Ballum, Grippotyphosa e Hebdomadis, com títulos ≤400 em 78,97% dos casos. Devido à alta ocorrência de equinos soropositivos e a predominância do sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae, ressalta-se a importância da vacinação e da higiene das instalações nos rebanhos Potiguares na prevenção de casos de leptospirose e a consequente eliminação do agente no ambiente.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in horses reared in the Eastern and Western Potiguar mesoregion, State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Seven hundred and eighty-five animals (785) were used from 90 properties from 2018 to 2019. The serological diagnosis was performed by the microscopic agglutination technique (MAT), using a collection of live antigens composed of twenty serovars belonging to sixteen serogroups. Variable data associated with risk factors were obtained from questionnaires carried out to herd owners and statistically analyzed. The absolute and relative frequencies were determined by descriptive analysis and risk factors by univariate analysis of the variables using the Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, when necessary, and then assessed by Poison regression. The positivity frequency among animals was 97.2% (763), and from all properties, there was at least one seropositive animal. The main reactive serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (72.88%), followed by reactive animals to Australis (14,94%), Sejroe (4.43%), Shermani (2.77%), Autumnalis and Pomona (1.29%). It was observed occurrences lower than 1% to serogroups Canicola, Ballum, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis, with titles ≤400 in 78,97% of cases. The significant occurrence of seropositive horses and the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae predominance highlights the importance of vaccination and hygiene in Potiguares herds facilities to prevent leptospirosis cases and the consequent elimination of the agent in the environment.

Abstract Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the leading cause of canine pyoderma. Honeybee products are common to treat this and other types of infections. High average annual population loss of bees has been observed. This study evaluated antibacterial and antibiofilm profile of Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia against S. pseudintermedius and the chemical similarities among both. Ethanolic extracts were produced and chemically characterized. The isolates were subjected to treatment with the extracts in both planktonic and sessile forms. Green propolis minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.156 mg / mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.312mg / mL. Baccharis dracunculifolia extract MIC and MBC was 0.312mg / mL and 2.5 mg / mL, respectivelly. Both extracts reduced SD55 formation of biofilm at minimum inhibitory concentration and at 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration. The results observed in relation to ED99, were similar for both extracts. Besides that, similar chemical indicators between both extracts, including the presence of Artepellin C, suggest that the Baccharis dracunculifolia extract could be an alternative to the Green Propolis extract in the treatment of staph infections.

ABSTRACT The interaction between Meloidogyne and Fusarium can alter the resistance behavior of passion fruit genotypes. The study was aimed to evaluate the reaction of genotypes of Passiflora spp. to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 (Mi)-Fusarium solani (Fs) complex. The assay was carried using RBD in the factorial arrangement: 10 genotypes (BRS-SC, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. nitida, P. giberti, P.setacea, P. mucronata, P. murifolia, P. cincinnata, P. ligularis) x 3 treatments (Mi, Mi+Fs, Fs). After 180 days of planting the reaction to Mi was determined by RF (Pi/Pf) and to Fs by lesions size in roots and stems. According to the criteria of Oostenbrink and Moura and Regis, BRS-SC, M-19-UFV. P. alata and P. cincinnata behaved as resistant and P. giberti as susceptible. According to the Taylor and Sasser, BRS-SC, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. cincinnata and P. giberti behaved as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately suscetible and susceptible, respectively. Lower percentage of plants with symtoms of Fs was found in P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. cincinnata and M-19-UFV In the presence of both pathogens, M-19-UFV, P. alata and P. nitida were those with larger lesion. In the presence de Fs, BRS-SC, P. alata, P. cincinnata and P. ligularis showed the largest lesions.

RESUMO A interação Meloidogyne-Fusarium pode alterar o comportamento de resistência de genótipos de maracujazeiro. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho avaliar a reação de genótipos de Passiflora ao complexo Meloidogyne incognita raça 3 e Fusarium solani. O experimento foi conduzido em DBC com esquema fatorial 10x3, sendo dez genótipos de Passiflora, (híbrido BRS Sol do Cerrado, seleção-M-19 da UFV, P. alata, P. nitida, P. giberti, P. setacea, P. mucronata, P. morifolia, P. cincinnata e P. ligularis e três tratamentos, M. incognita raça 3, M. incognita + Fusarium solani e F. solani. Após 180 dias do plantio e inoculação dos patógenos, avaliou-se a reação a M. incognita por meio do fator de reprodução- (FR = Pi/Pf) e variáveis nematológicas e a reação a F. solani pelo tamanho das lesões nas raízes e caules. De acordo com os critérios de Oostenbrink e de Moura e Regis, ‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, M-19-UFV, P. alata e P. cincinnata foram resistentes e P. giberti foi suscetível a M. incognita raça 3. De acordo com Taylor e Sasser, ‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, M-19UFV, P. alata, P. cincinnata e P. giberti foram resistente, moderadamente, moderadamente suscetível e suscetível, respectivamente, ao nematoide. Menores porcentagens de plantas com sintomas de Fusarium foi encontrada em P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. cincinnata e M-19-UFV. Na presença de ambos os patógenos, M-19-UFV, P. alata e P. nitida foram os que apresentaram maior tamanho de lesão. Na presença de F. solani,‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, P. alata, P. cincinnata e P. ligularis apresentaram as maiores lesões causadas pelo fungo.

RESUMO A fim de se obter agentes de biocontrole para controle da antracnose em frutos de mamão em pós-colheita, buscou-se: i) selecionar bactérias epifíticas de mamoeiro antagonistas a Colletotrichum brevisporum pela produção de compostos antimicrobianos difusíveis e voláteis, quitinase e inibição da germinação de conídios; ii) quantificar a produção de biofilme pelos isolados selecionados; iii) obter uma concentração de bactérias que proporcionasse o controle da antracnose em discos de frutos; iv) avaliar a redução da severidade da doença em frutos de mamão. De 224 bactérias, 74 exibiram um mecanismo de ação contra o patógeno, 13 isolados dois mecanismos, quatro apresentaram três, e uma bactéria exibiu todos. Mediante a verificação da compatibilidade entre antagonistas, e a quantificação da formação de biofiolme, estabeleceram-se cinco “Mix” compostos por quatro isolados bacterianos. Em discos de frutos as bactérias foram avaliadas nas concentrações 106, 107 e 108 UFC mL-1. À exceção do Mix 2, os demais reduziram significativamente a antracnose nos discos quando comparados ao controle. Os “Mix” 1, 3, 5, na concentração 108 UFC mL-1 exibiram melhor desempenho reduzindo a doença em até 75 %, 89,78 % e 90,8 %, respectivamente. Os Mix 3 e 5, na concentração de 108 UFC mL-1, foram avaliados em frutos juntamente com o fungicida sintético Piraclostrobina. Não se verificou diferença significativa entre os Mix e o fungicida, que atingiu níveis de redução da doença superiores a 97 %, e as combinações com 98 %, frente ao controle não tratado.

ABSTRACTUMO Aiming to obtain biocontrol agents for post-harvest anthracnose control in papaya fruits, the present study sought to: i) select, from papaya fruits, epiphytic bacteria that are antagonistic to Colletotrichum brevisporum, based on the production of diffusible and volatile antimicrobial compounds, chitinase, and conidial germination inhibition; ii) quantify biofilm production by the selected strains; iii) obtain a concentration of bacteria that would provide anthracnose control in fruit discs; iv) evaluate the disease severity reduction in papaya fruits. Of 224 bacteria, 74 exhibited one mechanism of action against the pathogen, 13 isolates showed two mechanisms, four isolates had three mechanisms, and one bacterium showed all mechanisms. Verification of compatibility between antagonists, as well as biofilm quantification, led to the formation of five “Mix” composed of four bacterial isolates. In fruit discs, bacteria were evaluated at the concentrations 106, 107 and 108 CFU mL-1. Except Mix 2, the remaining combinations significantly reduced anthracnose in the discs when compared to control. Mix 1, 3 and 5, at the concentration 108 CFU mL-1, showed the best performance, reducing the disease severity by up to 75.0%, 89.78% and 90.8%, respectively. Mix 3 and 5, at the concentration 108 CFU mL-1, were evaluated together with the synthetic fungicide Pyraclostrobin in fruits. There was no significant difference between the Mix and the fungicide, which reached disease reduction levels superior to 97%, while combinations reached 98%, compared to the untreated control.

RESUMO A adolescência é um período de transição, marcado por hábitos que podem influenciar a saúde dos indivíduos a longo prazo. Este estudo objetivou analisar a associação entre a prática de atividade física e o consumo alimentar em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.570 adolescentes escolares de Montes Claros, MG. Analisou-se nível de atividade física e consumo de frutas, leguminosas, guloseimas e refrigerante. Foi realizada regressão logística (nível de significância 5%). Entre os adolescentes 80,8% foram classificados como pouco ativos e praticavam atividade física por pelo menos 60 minutos em menos do que cinco dias por semana. Em relação à alimentação, 85,2% e 34,3% dos adolescentes relataram consumo de leguminosas e frutas com frequência menor que três vezes por semana, respectivamente. O consumo cinco vezes por semana ou mais de guloseimas foi de 64,1% e refrigerantes de 90,3%. Os que consumiam frutas três vezes por semana ou menos apresentaram chance 40% maior de serem pouco ativos. Os que consumiam refrigerante com frequência superior a cinco vezes por semana apresentaram chance duas vezes mais alta de serem pouco ativos. Baixos níveis de atividade física foram associados ao consumo de frutas menor ou igual a três vezes por semana e de refrigerantes superior a cinco vezes por semana. Há necessidade de incentivo à promoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis quanto à prática de atividade física e ao consumo alimentar entre os adolescentes nos contextos escolar e familiar.

ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of transition, marked by habits that can influence the health of individuals in the long run. This study aimed to analyze the association between physical activity and food consumption in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 1.570 school adolescents from Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The level of physical activity and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soda/soft drinks was analyzed. Logistic regression was performed (significance level 5%). Among adolescents, 80.8% were classified as not active and practiced physical activity for at least 60 minutes in less than five days a week. In relation to food, 85.2% and 34.3% of adolescents reported consuming legumes and fruits less than three times a week, respectively. Consumption five times a week or more of treats was 64.1% and soft drinks 90.3%. Those who consumed fruit three times a week or less were 40% more likely to be less active. Those who consumed soda more than five times a week were twice as likely to be little active. Low levels of physical activity were associated with consumption of fruit less than or equal to three times a week and soft drinks greater than five times a week. There is a need to encourage the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits regarding the practice of physical activity and food consumption among adolescents, in school and family contexts.

RESUMO Introdução O arremesso é considerado a habilidade técnica mais importante do handebol. Porém, exige que o atleta realize esse movimento com máxima velocidade e precisão, visto que ele pode definir a pontuação final do jogo. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, conhecida como método Kabat, no desempenho de arremesso em atletas de handebol. Métodos Estudo experimental com 18 atletas de handebol masculino, com média de idade de 14 ± 1,13 anos. Os atletas foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo controle (GC) e grupo método Kabat (GK). Os atletas realizaram 16 sessões de treinamento com análise inicial e final. A amplitude de movimento (ADM) da rotação interna e externa do ombro, a força, o desequilíbrio muscular, a velocidade e precisão do arremesso foram medidos. Os resultados foram comparados com o teste t de Student de medidas repetidas. Resultados O GK teve aumento significativo da rotação externa do ombro e da força muscular em todos os músculos do complexo do ombro analisados. O GC também teve aumento da força, mas não em todos os músculos. O GK teve elevação significativa da velocidade e da precisão do arremesso. Conclusão O método Kabat, com a técnica de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, aumentou significativamente o desempenho, a velocidade e a precisão do arremesso nos atletas de handebol quando comparado com o grupo controle. Nível de evidência III; Estudo Experimental Randomizado.

ABSTRACT Introduction Throwing is considered the most important technical skill in Handball. However, it requires the athlete to perform this movement with maximum speed and accuracy, as it can define the final score of the game. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, known as the Kabat method, on the throwing performance of handball athletes. Methods An experimental study of 18 male handball athletes with a mean age of 14 ± 1.13 years. The athletes were divided into two groups: control group (CG) and Kabat method group (KG). The athletes performed 16 training sessions, with analyses at the beginning and end of each session. Range of motion (ROM) of internal and external shoulder rotation, strength, muscle imbalance, throwing speed and accuracy were measured. The results were compared by the Student t-test of repeated measures. Results KG significantly increased external shoulder rotation and muscle strength in all the analyzed shoulder complex muscles. CG also increased strength, but not in all muscles. KG significantly increased the speed and accuracy of the pitch. Conclusion The Kabat method, through proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, significantly increased throwing performance, speed and accuracy in handball athletes when compared to the control group. Level of evidence III; Randomized Experimental Study.

RESUMEN Introducción El lanzamiento se considera la habilidad técnica más importante del balonmano. Sin embargo, requiere que el atleta realice este movimiento con la máxima velocidad y precisión, ya que puede establecer el puntaje final del juego. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva, conocida como el método Kabat, en el rendimiento del lanzamiento de atletas de balonmano. Métodos Estudio experimental de 18 atletas de balonmano masculino con edad promedio de 14 ± 1,13 años. Los atletas se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo control (CG) y grupo método Kabat (GK). Los atletas realizaron 16 sesiones de entrenamiento con análisis inicial y final. Se midió el rango de movimiento (RDM) de la rotación interna y externa del hombro, la fuerza, el desequilibrio muscular, la velocidad y la precisión de lanzamiento. Los resultados se compararon con la prueba t de Student de medidas repetidas. Resultados El GK tuvo un aumento significativo en la rotación externa del hombro y la fuerza muscular en todos los músculos del complejo del hombro analizados. El CG también tuvo aumento en la fuerza, pero no en todos los músculos. El GK tuvo un aumento significativo en la velocidad y precisión del lanzamiento. Conclusión El método Kabat, con la facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva, aumentó significativamente el rendimiento, la velocidad y la precisión del lanzamiento en los atletas de balonmano en comparación con el grupo control. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio experimental aleatorizado.

Abstract Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and includes cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms. Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment present high toxicity, and development of parasite resistance. Plants constitute an important source of compounds with leishmanicidal potential. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction of Eugenia pruniformis leaves (TF-EpL). TF-EpL was active against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis with IC50(24h) value of 43.60μg/mL and 44.77μg/mL, respectively. TF-EpL altered the cell cycle of the parasite, increasing 2.32-fold the cells in the Sub-G0/G1 phase. TF-EpL also changed the ΔΨm and increased ROS and the number of annexin-V-PI positive promastigotes, which suggests incidental death. β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, corosolic acid and asiatic acid were isolated from TF-EpL. The results showed the antileishmanial activity of E. pruniformis terpenoids and its potential for further studies as a source of new drugs for leishmaniasis.

RESUMO Dentre todas as oleaginosas que estão sendo pesquisadas atualmente no Brasil para produção de biodiesel, o crambe, Crambe abyssinica Hochst, vem se revelando como uma das mais promissoras. Neste trabalho estudou-se a reação de crambe aos fitonematoides Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita raça 3, em casa-de-vegetação. Para os ensaios adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco níveis de inóculos (350, 700, 1400, 2800 e 5600 ovos) e dez repetições. Plantas de crambe sem inoculação de ovos foram usadas como controle e para comprovar a viabilidade dos inóculos dos nematoides usou-se tomateiros inoculados com 2000 ovos. A parcela constituiu-se de um vaso contendo uma planta. Após quarenta e cinco dias da inoculação dos nematoides, determinou-se o número de galhas, de massas de ovos e de ovos+ juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) por raiz, o número de J2 por 200 cm3 de solo e o peso de matéria seca. Determinou-se também o fator de reprodução (FR). A classificação da resistência aos fitonematoides foi feita utilizando o critério do fator de reprodução (FR). O crambe comportou-se como suscetível em todos os níveis de inóculo e observou-se ajuste do modelo linear para todas as variáveis nematológicas (galhas, massas, J2, ovos e FR) avaliadas.

ABSTRACT Several oilseed plants have been researched for biodiesel production in Brazil, and Crambe abyssinica Hochst is one of the most promising species. The effect of the phytonematodes M. incognita race 3 and Meloidogyne javanica on C. abyssinica plants was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. A randomized block design with five nematode inoculum levels (350, 700, 1400, 2800, and 5600 eggs) and ten replications was used. C. abyssinica plants without inoculation were used as controls, and the viability of the nematodes used was tested in tomato plants inoculated with 2000 eggs. The plots consisted of pots containing one plant. The number of root knots (NG), number of egg masses (NEM), and number of eggs + second-stage juveniles (NEJ2) per root system, number of J2 per 200 cm3 of soil (NJ2), and shoot dry weight (SDW) of the inoculated C. abyssinica plants were evaluated at 45 days after inoculation. The reproduction factor (RF) of the nematodes was also evaluated. The resistance of the plants to the phytonematodes was classified using the RF criterion. Crambe abyssinica plants are susceptible to the different inoculum levels of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita used, and the data of all nematode variables (NG, NEM, NEJ2, NJ2, and RF) were fitted by linear models.

The essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia sulcata, in the Myrtaceae family, has a demonstrated antihypertensive effect, but its effects on heart muscle and its toxicity have not yet been elucidated. Little chemical or biological data are available for E. sulcata, whether emphasizing the beneficial effects or the pharmacological security of this species. This study aims to evaluate myocardial contractility and to analyze angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and myosin ATPase activities associated with use of this essential oil. In addition, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of E. sulcata essential oil. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated daily for 30 days (10 mg/kg of oil) to evaluate the isometric force of the papillary muscle, ACE measured by fluorimetry, and myosin ATPase activities by inorganic phosphate. Lymphocyte cultures were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and mutagenicity of the essential oil. The results demonstrate that the treatment did not change the cardiac contraction force and did not alter the functioning of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, extrusion of the membrane calcium, or modify the membrane calcium channels or β-adrenergic receptor activity. Tetanic contractions were potentiated in the SHR animals. Myosin ATPase activity was also increased in the SHR animals. Cardiac ACE activity was reduced in both animal strains, and the serum ACE was reduced only in the SHR animals. The essential oil did not cause cytotoxicity or mutagenicity and presented low DNA damage. Our results demonstrated that the essential oil does not change myocardial contractility and does not present relevant immunotoxicity.

BACKGROUND This work describes a chemical study of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha, an endemic Annonaceae species from Brazil, and its activity against Biomphalaria species. Considering its poor solubility in aqueous medium, the essential oil was nanoemulsified to evaluate its action on controlling some mollusc species of genus Biomphalaria, snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni that causes schistosomiasis, which mainly affects tropical and subtropical countries. OBJECTIVES The main aims of this work were to analyse the chemical composition of essential oil from X. ochrantha, and to evaluate the effect of its nanoemulsion on molluscs of genus Biomphalaria and their oviposition. METHODS Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy method and characterised by particle size and polydispersity index. Biological assays evaluating the mortality of adult species of B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. tenagophila and their ovipositions upon contact with the most stable nanoemulsion during 24 and 48 h were performed. FINDINGS Chemical analysis by mass spectrometry revealed the majority presence of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the essential oil. The formulation with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 9.26 was the most suitable for the oil delivery system. This nanoemulsion caused the mortality in B. tenagophila, B. straminea and B. glabarata of different sizes at levels ranging from 50 to 100% in 48 h. Additionally, the formulation could inhibit the development of deposited eggs. CONCLUSION Thus, these results suggest the use of nanoemulsified essential oil from X. ochrantha as a possible alternative in controlling some Biomphalaria species involved in the schistosomiasis cycle.

Abstract: As a part of our continuing search for insect and arthropod development regulators from Brazilian restinga vegetation of the Rio de Janeiro State, crude extracts, purified fractions and essential oils were submitted to screening tests seeking for biological activities on the development of the insects Rhodnius prolixus, Dysdercus peruvianus, Oncopeltus fasciatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Up to now, 102 secondary metabolites have been detected in the fractions, among them monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and two triterpenes which were obtained from the species, Eugenia sulcata, Pilocarpus spicatus, Manilkara subsericea, Myrciaria floribunda and Zanthoxylum caribaeum. These secondary plant metabolites are considered of interest for the use of studies related to arthropod endocrinology, vector-parasite interaction system, and population control of vector insect and agricultural pest. The observed biological activities were surprisingly high, involving increased mortality, molting and metamorphosis inhibition, paralysis, corporeal deformities, apparition of permanent nymphs, of adultoids and juvenoids, partial or total inhibition of oviposition and egg hatching. These compounds are now being studied further to determine if they may or may not be useful in controlling insect populations and/or interfere with the life cycle and vector transmission of parasites to animal and human populations.